Consumption of diet contaminated with crude petroleum oil (CPO) generates reactive oxygen species which may cause kidney damage in humans and animals. Monodora myristica is a spice commonly consumed in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of M. myristica extracts on kidney function indices in CPO induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty adult male Wistar rats (180 ± 5 g) were randomly placed in six groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as the control; group 2 had crude petroleum oil contaminated catfish diet (CPO-CCD); group 3 received CPO-CCD plus tween 80; group 4 received CPO-CCD plus 200 mg/kg b. wt. of M. myristica aqueous extract (MAE); group 5 was given CPO-CCD plus 200 mg/kg b. wt. of M. myristica ethanol extract (MEE) and group 6 took CPO-CCD plus 200 mg/kg b. wt. of M. myristica diethylether extract (MDEE). The feeding of the rats with CPO-CCD and administration of extracts orally lasted for 28 days. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats fed CPO-CCD. Similarly, serum electrolyte levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) in this group compared with group 1. However, treatment with MAE, MEE and MDEE resulted in a decrease in kidney function parameters, MDA and electrolyte levels compared to group 2 given crude petroleum oil contaminated catfish diet. Also, MDEE had better renal restorative activity compared with MEE and MAE. Therefore, M. myristica extracts can suppress the toxicity effects of crude petroleum oil-induced renal dysfunction.

It is estimated that 92 % of Nigerian bread contains potassium bromate (KBrO3) despite its banned in bread in 2004. However, many bakers still use it as an additive in bread although it’s harmful on human health. It is, therefore, worthy of evaluating and comparing the KBrO3 content of Nigerian bread and that of Niger republic. The method of evaluation used to estimate the content in this research was the spectrophotometric method. The result of qualitative test revealed that none of the bread contained KBrO3 from Niger republic while all the Nigerian samples showed positive to the test. The quantitative analysis on the Nigerian bread sample further reveals significant variations (p < 0.05) in the concentration of bread from different bakeries in Kamba metropolis, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The concentrations of bread sample A – E obtained in Kamba are 20.32, 11.67, 11.13, 9.86 and 5.54 µg/g, respectively. The bromate content in the Nigerian bread is above permissible level (0.02µg/g) set by the National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC).

The emission of carbon dioxide and other relevant greenhouse gases has led to global warming with unpredictable but potentially catastrophic consequences. When fossil fuels are burnt they emit toxic pollutants that damage the environment and human health. Recent development in renewable energy technologies could help reduce the price of energy and related environmental concerns. Hydrogen could be used as fuel cells and sun for PV panels which are generally considered cheaper and more viable to the environment. There is a strong relationship between energy, environment and sustainable development. As such, these three cannot be separated from one another. Our environment needs to be protected from the effects of burning fossil fuels that result in the release of greenhouse gases such as NOx, SOx and CO2 which all of them could lead to global warming. Some of the areas with major concerns include acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, global climate change (greenhouse effect), water pollution, radiation and radioactivity, hazardous air pollutants etc. Therefore, achieving SDG-7 which deals with the attainment of the global quest for universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy by 2030 cannot be possible unless significant effort is made. These include several solutions to the global energy and environmental problems which include; a breakthrough in renewable technologies, energy conservation, energy storage technologies, recycling and energy source different from fossil fuels.

The current study was undertaken to assess the acute (96hr) histopathological alterations in gill and liver tissues of Clarias gariepinus (juveniles) exposed to Glyphosate. Fish samples with mean weight range of 27.2 - 29.7g and mean length range of 10.95 -15.5cm were exposed to the 6-levels of concentrations of the herbicide (0.0, 4.50, 9.0, 13.5, 18.50 and 22.5mg/L respectively) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The gill and liver samples were collected and examined using standard methods. The 96 hr lethal concentration (LC50) at 95% confidence limits was 8.098 mg/L. Significant histological changes observed in the liver tissues include: presence of lipid granules, hepatocyte necrosis, cellular infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, haemorrhage and multifocal cellular degeneration. Lifting of epithelium thickening, distortion of the primary lamellae, degeneration of secondary lamellae, blood congestion and massive lamellae degeneration were observed in the gill tissues. It can be deduced that glyphosate exerted effect on the behavior, mortality profile and histology of the experimental fish. It is here by recommended that indiscriminate use of synthetic herbicides including glyphosate, should be reduced to the barest minimum due to their negative effect on aquatic biota such as fish and other non-target organisms.

The medicinal plants serve as an important component of the health care system in Nigeria. A large number of medicinal plants and purified constituents have shown beneficial pharmaceutical potentials. The quantity of phytochemicals present in different plants differs from one another. Therefore, the present study is to focus on the antioxidants properties of the leaves of some commonly consumed fruit tree in Nigeria which include Mango and Cashew leaves. The antioxidants potential of the leaf extract was examining by determine the Tannin content total flavonoid content total phenolic content hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and reducing power activity. The result from this study shows that Cashew leaves has the highest phytochemical contents (24.50mg/100g) flavonoid (25.80 mg/100g) and phenolic (29.58mg/100g) content respectively compared to Mango leaves with phytochemical contents tannin (23.89 mg/100g) flavonoid (20.75 mg/100g) and phenolic (11.44 mg/100g) content respectively. Also the result shows that Cashew leaves have the highest reducing power activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity compared to Mango leaves. The order of decrease in reducing power is Cashew>mango. Owing to the antioxidants activities exhibited by these leaves extracts they could be considered as a natural herbal source of antioxidant materials that could be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Biostratigraphy study of Patti Formation was carried out in order to refine the Maastrichtian age ascribed to it. Palynological analysis was carried out on eighteen samples retrieved along the Ahobo Lokoja-Abaji-Abuja highway. Standard laboratory processes that involved hydrofluoric acid digestion, sieving and maceral separation through the use of heavy liquid and final mounting of residue on glass slides for petrographic observation were carried out. The palynomorphs recovered are moderate to poor in terms of abundance and diversity. Stratigraphically important pollen, spores and dinoflagellates were recovered and they constitute one palynozone of Foveotriletes margaritae belonging to Early Maastrichtian age. The zone erected is characterized by co-occurrence of rare to moderate abundance of Milfordia jardinei, Longapertites marginatus, Proteacidites sp, Auriculiidites sp., Retidiporites magdalenensis, Zlivisporites blanensis, Araucariacites sp. and Milfordia sp. Other marker forms present are Buttinia andreevi, Syncolporites sp., Cingulatisporites ornatus, Trocolporopollenites sp., Distaverrusporites sp. and Proteacidites sigali. The paleoenvironment of deposition was indicated to be marginal marine based on preponderance of peridinacean forms such as Senegalinium sp., Histrichosphaeridium turonica, Andalusiella polymorpha and Oligosphaeridium sp. The Patti Formation was conveniently dated Early Maastrichtian; stratigraphically equivalent and correlated with Mamu Formation in Anambra Basin based on similarity in palynomorph assemblages.

Biostratigraphic sequence stratigraphy technique was used to predict the stacking pattern and geologic events towards understanding sea level changes as precursor for the evolution of Anambra Basin, Nigeria. Palynology analysis data and lithologic description of Nzam-1 well comprising oldest Asu River Group to youngest Ogwashi/Asaba Formation were used. The method involved laboratory preparation of palynology slides and detailed identification of pollen, spores, dinoflagellates, algae, fungal spore, microforaminiferal wall linings and other stratigraphically important forms present. The method entails total abundance and diversity of palynomorphs and cognizance of two types of dinoflagellates such as ganyaulacaceans and peridinaceans. The preponderance of ganyaulacaceans in addition to high abundance and diversity of palynomorphs defines a stratigraphic Condensed Section (CS) within which is Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS), characterizes Highstand Systems Tract (HST). On the other hand, intervals characterized by barren to poor recovery of palynomorphs suggest lowest position of sea level, equivalent to Lowstand Systems Tract (LST) at the base of which is a Sequence Boundary (SB). The rising sea level is the Transgressive Systems Tract (TST) characterized by relative increase in palynomorph abundance, diversity and higher occurrence of peridinacean dinoflagellate cysts compared to LST. Eight transgressive cycles (TCs) and 5 major unconformity surfaces synonymous to regressive surface were identified at different geologic time as a result of eustatic changes in sea levels. The deepest part is characterized by TST/HST suggestive of marine incursion during Albian due to splitting of the Gondwana land; responsible for the deposition of Asu River Group. The second MFS was located at 3125 m, dated Upper Cenomanian, responsible for the accumulation of Eze Aku Formation. A regressive (LST) was responsible for the deposition of Awgu Formation in the Coniacian period. The third transgressive cycle occurred during the Early Campanian, responsible for the deposition of Nkporo Formation; MFS placed at 2411 m, dated Upper Campanian within the formation. The lower part of Mamu Formation was deposited under the influence of LST, dated Lower Maastrichtian; SB placed at 2057 m. The Middle Maastrichtian was marked by the forth TC; deposited upper Mamu Formation. However, the lower boundary of Nsukka Formation was marked by LST placed at 1234 m, dated Lowermost Upper Maastrichtian within Nsuklka Formation. The sixth marine transgression deposited Imo Formation, followed by a regressive phase (LST) in the Upper Late Paleocene. The seventh marine transgression occurred during Middle Eocene, led to deposition of Ameki Formation while the eighth marine transgression was in the Upper Miocene-Pliocene period, responsible for deposition of Ogwashi/Asaba Formation

Persea americana is a tropical plant commonly found in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. The fruit is mostly eaten as food. The fruits, leaves and seeds are used in folkoric medicine in the management of various ailments. However, there is paucity of information on the nutritional components and phytochemical constituents of the seeds. This study investigated the proximate composition, phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative), Pro-vitamin A and vitamin C, minerals content, amino acid profile and anti-nutrients of Persea americana seeds. Phytochemical, nutritional, vitamin, mineral, amino acid analyses and anti-nutritive factor of P. americana seeds were carried out according to standard procedures. Qualitative phytochemical screening of P. americana seeds revealed the presence of saponin, cardiac glycosides, terpenoid, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of phytochemicals showed the presence of phenol (3.22mg/100g), alkaloids (1.86 mg/100g), saponins (0.95 mg/100g) and flavonoids (2.14 mg/100g). The proximate composition of P. americana seeds shows moisture (6.98%), ash (4.44%), fat (5.30%), crude fibre (3.31%), crude protein (11.20%) and carbohydrate (68.77%). The result for vitamin reveals the presence of vitamin C (24.1mg) and Pro-vitamin A (12.3IU). Also, mineral analysis showed the presence of sodium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, calcium, chromium, potassium and lead in varying concentration. Amino acid analysis of the seed showed that the concentration of total amino acid was 54.53g/100g protein while, the total essential amino acid was 26.33g/100g protein. The total non-essential amino acid present in the seed was 28.20g/100g protein with a very high proline concentration (6.50g/100g). The anti-nutrient contents of the seeds revealed the presence of tannin, oxalate, saponins, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides and phytate. The results obtained from this study indicated that P. americana seeds is rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. This study therefore suggests that the seeds of P. americana may be developed in to supplements that may have beneficial effects on the nutrition and health of humans.

Microbial assessment of water and air samples from Rufa’i Poultry Farm TalataMafara was carried out to investigate the pollution caused by the farm activities in the immediate environment. Water and air samples were collected during the rainy, early, and late dry seasons and were analyzed using standard methods. The Microbiological analysis revealed eightythree (83) isolates from the samples with 26 bacterial species. Enterobacterspp (11%), Brochothrix spp (10%), Citrobacter freundi (7.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.2%),Escherichia coli (6%) and Shigella spp (5%) were in higher percentage. Water had the highest colony count of 4.12 x 107 cfu/ml in the rainy season while air has the highest load of 6.04 x 102 cfu in the late dry season. Thirteen (13) species were identified from a total of 337 fungal isolates recovered from the samples. The isolates with a high percentage of occurrence are Aspergillus flavus (28%), Trichoderma spp. (17.2%) and A .niger (11%). Most of these isolates are pathogenic while others are potential pathogens that can pose severe health risks especially to immune-compromised individuals in particular. Therefore, adequate measures should be put in place to curb the indiscriminate release of effluents into the environment.

The emergence of drug resistance parasite to currently available drugs and the spread of insecticide resistance mosquito vector is worrisome and may result in serious health crisis if it is not addressed. Hence, there is need to develop novel antiplasmodial agent that will be cheap and effective against the Plasmodium parasite. This study was aimed at investigating the acute toxicity and antiplasmodial activity of methanol extracts of Tetrorchidium didymostemon leaves and stem bark. Acute toxicity of the extracts was investigated using the Lorke’s method. Antiplasmodial activity in early infection was tested using the Peter’s 4-day suppressive test while Ryley and Peters’ curative test was used to investigate the effect of the extracts on established infection. No mortality was recorded in the acute toxicity study. The leaves extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight had significantly higher (p < 0.05) chemosuppression (69.84% and 73.11%, respectively) of the Plasmodium berghei parasite when compared with the stem bark extract at similar concentrations (55.55% and 49.67 %, respectively). The leaves extract, at 500 mg/kg body weight, showed better curative potential (67.92%) with mean survival time (MST) of 20.4 days than the stem bark counterpart at 500 mg/kg body weight (48.37% and 18.6 days, respectively). This study has shown that methanol extract of T. didymostemon leaves contains bioactive compounds with antiplasmodial activity and it substantiates its therapeutic use locally in traditional medicine.

Leaves and seed kernel extracts of Nicotina tabacum (L.) were assayed for larvicidal activity against 4th instar larvae of Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae of those genera were collected from breeding site and reared in the laboratory for continued source of larvae. The plants parts used were extracted with hexane, chloroform and methanol in increasing order of polarity. Each extract was formulated into 0.9, 1.6. 2.4. 3.5 and 4.0mg/mL concentrations and then tested against 25 larvae of each genus alongside control setting over 12 to 72 hrs periods. Phytochemical screenings of the most active extracts were carried out for searching the active ingredients. Data was analyzed through Analysis of Variance and lethal concentrations of the extracts were determined. The hexane extract of D. metel (LC50 2.58 ±0.1mg/mL) exhibited the highest larvicidal activity with more than 70% mortality on Aedes and Anopheles larvae when 4.0mg/mL was applied after 72hrs. Culex larvae were less susceptible to all concentrations of the extracts. Though larvicidal activity was observed to be indirectly proportional to concentrations and larval exposure periods, significant differences (p <0.05) in the means of larval death were observed. The active extracts were found to contain alkaloids, saponins steroids, flavonoids and glycosides from moderate to high quantity which could be responsible for larvicidal activity. Future formulation studies, toxicity profile and possible mechanism of action may lead to the development of potential insecticidal products

This study was carried out in order to analyses the future weather situation of Kebbi state, using meteorological parameters available such as: minimum and maximum temperature, amount of rainfall and relative humidity, for periods spanning from 2009-2018. The data used for this study were extracted from Yelwa-Yauri weather station. Both temporal and spatial variations in variables were witnessed and fluctuations in such variables were also observed. The study area experienced its peak rainfall on the June-July-August (J-J-A), with annual onset mostly in the month of March-April except in 2012 and 2014 where onset was observed in February and January while cessation was recorded generally in October except in 2015 & 2018 where it was witnessed in the month of November respectively. Similarly, using the analysis of variance at 1, 5 and 10% level of significance, the study area from the analysis of individual meteorological parameters in the preceding years (2009-2018), did not yield any definite meteorological patterns that can accounts for the varying levels of predictions.

Essential oils (EOs) are complex natural mixture of chemical constituents, having a major component at a relatively high concentration while the minor ones are present in trace amounts. Hence, the need for a simple and efficient isolation technique required to obtain compound that are bioactive antidermatophytic. Therefore, the study aim to isolate bioactive molecules of EO from fruit peels of Nigerian Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck with potential antidermatophytic activity against multidrug-resistant tinea capitis dermatophyte. The EO was reaped by hydrodistillation and the bioactive components were examined by thin layer chromatography coupled with direct bioautography assay method. The latter is an assertive technique that targets the isolation of only the active component(s) in a bioassay-guided fashion. The antidermatophytic components were identified with GC-MS as 4- Heptyn-2-ol and Pentane-2, 4- dimethyl. These components (mixture) recorded, are a first-hand report—as present in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck fruit peel EO. Our results support a diagnostic method in the isolation of antidermatophytic components from essential oil with an additional confirmation step.

Soils are used extensively for agricultural practice and as major mixing materials for building construction. Hence, there’s a great need to review the activity and concentrations of natural radionuclide present in the soil in order to accurately assess the radiological health implications to the members of the public utilizing the soil in building constructions and Agricultural activities. It was reported in different literature that, the exposure to radiation emanated from natural radionuclide affect the respiratory track and radon with its decay products in the soils are the reason. Continuous absorption of the radionuclide in the soil imposed high risk health hazard to public such as cancer of the lung, hypokalemia, heart disease, mutation, and others. Therefore, it becomes very important to review and identify the region with high or low level of concentrations of radionuclide in the soil. This work aimed at reviewing the natural radionuclide levels in the soil samples collected from the Mining sites, Normal living, working, and non-living environments by different researchers and Scholars in Nigeria. The highest activity Concentration was reported in Ibadan, ijero, Bitsichi, Bakuru, Ropp, Odua and Oguta for 238U,226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively, while the highest radiological hazard indices such as Absorbed Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose, Radium equivalent and Excess Life Cancer Risk were recorded in Bitsichi, Oguta, Odua, Bitsichi, Oguta and Port Harcourt respectively. Similarly external, internal and gamma index were generally low compare to worldwide average value. Therefore, based on this review, it was figured out that some areas in Nigeria are radiologically unsafe for inhabitants.

The most logical approach towards the improvement and efficient use of indigenous fruits to supply nutritional requirement for human diet is through the investigation of their nutritional values. This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) powdered fruit pulp and seeds purchased at Sokoto central market, Sokoto State Nigeria. The seeds and fruit pulp were analyzed for proximate, Phytochemical, antinutritional and mineral contents. Results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponin, glycosides, flavonoid, steroids, volatile oils and cardiac glycosides in both extracts. Result of the proximate analysis showed protein with the highest percentage dry weight (62.56%) followed by crude lipid (23.59%), moisture (9.33%), ash (2.33%) and carbohydrate (2.19) in seeds of P. biglobosa. Carbohydrate had the highest percentage (69.9%) followed by moisture (16.33%), Crude protein (6.56%), crude lipid (3.81%) and then ash (3.33%) in the analyzed fruit pulp, thus indicating that locust bean fruit pulp had higher Carbohydrate content, thus a better source of energy. Result of mineral test indicated both the seeds and fruit pulp were rich sources of Potassium 2850 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg respectively followed by sodium with 142.50 mg/kg and 62.50 mg/kg respectively. Results of antinutritional test showed that the seeds contained Nitrate (18.71 mg/dl), Tannin (9.18 mg/dl) and Cyanide (6.51 mg/dl) while the analyzed Fruit pulp contains Nitrate (22.65 mg/dl), Tannin (17.10 mg/dl) and Cyanides (7.13 mg/dl), indicating higher amounts of Nitrates, Tannin and Cyanides in the pulp compared to the analyzed seeds. Taking into considerations the Crude Protein, Crude lipid, Carbohydrate as well as the Mineral composition of both the seeds and fruit pulp of the analyzed samples, it could be suggested that harnessing the plant’s products in our diet preparations could enhance nutrition especially in the wake of high cost of normal food materials and could also reduce malnutrition especially amongst low income earners.

In this study, acquired aeromagnetic data was used to delineate structures that may host minerals over the eastern part of Zamfara State. The acquired aeromagnetic data were analysed, processed and interpreted using the following techniques; IGRF/DGRF computation, reduction to magnetic equator (RTE), geologic contact (GC), centre for exploration targeting (CET) and source parameter imaging (SPI). The result from these techniques revealed the presence of granite, migmatite, biotite, gneiss, diorite, medium coarse grained quartz-mica schist and biotite- homblende granite as compared with geology of the area. Magnetic anomalous zones identified in these area were associated with the Fe-bearing mineral and sediments with widest variation in Fe-content that form various silicate and oxide mineral species which may probably formed during the formation of both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. These regions also have revealed the lineaments that were trending in South-East of the study area within the Birnin Magaji/Kiyawa, eastern part of Bungudu, southern part of Gusau, NE part of Tsafe and western part of Faskari. These structures were associated with hydrothermal solutions of the host rocks that may form mineral and the types of rocks/or structures within the zones play an important role in solid minerals exploration. The structures highlighted within the area have agree well with the results found in geologic contact as well as geological setting of the study area. Estimated depth of shear/faults/structural trends associated with the study area were found to be; 100 m to 185 m and 185.1 m to 250 m.

The present study investigated hydro-chemical characteristics of Kwanar-Are dam water and its suitability for drinking purposes at Rimi Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected using clean dry polythene sample bottles of (1 liter capacity) during the rainy season of 2018. Concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total alkalinity (TA), chloride (Cl¯), total hardness (TH), sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), calcium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+) were analyzed and compared with standard limits recommended by Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality and World Health Organization. The result obtained revealed that, all parameters were found within the desirable limit of drinking water standards. Water Quality Index (WQI) was employed to assess the suitability of the water for drinking and the result indicated that, the quality of the water was very poor and concluded that the water is unfit for human consumption sol also irrigation. It is recommended that, further treatment is required before use and surface water management plan is needed to improve the quality of the water

Elevated heavy metal concentrations have been observed in fishes sampled from water sources in Shendam area, north-central Nigeria. Due to the close interaction between surface and groundwater, this study was carried out to appraise the heavy metal concentration to assess the human health risk associated with groundwater ingestion from the study area. Forty groundwater samples were collected from shallow wells in the area. pH, which affects heavy metal dissolution in groundwater, was measured in-situ while heavy metals in groundwater, rock and soil were analysed at the Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Centre of Dryland Agriculture, Bayero University Kano. Results showed heavy metal concentration of the order Sr > Se > Ba > As > Pb > Li > Zn > Cu > V > Ni > Cr > Cd > Co. Arsenic, Pb, and Se were the main heavy metal pollution sources in the area, with 40%, 17.7%, and 35% of their respective samples occurring within guideline limits. Computation of ingestion Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) for adults indicated that use of groundwater from the study area additionally exposes users to the health risk from Cd, Cr, Pb, V, and Li, which have 97.5%, 95%, 85%, 97.5% and 95% within World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limits. HRI results maintained Se and As with only 50% and 40% respectively occurring within guideline limits, as the main sources of groundwater pollution. Observed HRI for children was similar to that of adults except that lower percentages of V and Li occurred within optimum limits (32.5% respectively). The study area's overall heavy metal hazard index revealed severe cumulative health hazard, with only 12.5% of the samples occurring within guideline limits. The main heavy metal pollutants As is thought to have originated from natural sources. However, Pb and Se are believed to be triggered by anthropogenic activities. A detailed appraisal of heavy metal sources is thus recommended, and the exploitation of groundwater from deeper bore wells to avoid contaminated groundwater.

Concerns about quality of air in the cities are on the increase but the relative contribution by various anthropogenic and landuse activities have remained shrouded in obscurity. The paper mapped the dominant landuses in Somolu and Surulere Local Government areas (LGAs) of Lagos State and assessed their surrounding air quality in 2017 with a view to establish the quality indexes and conformity with regulatory standards. Data for the landuses were generated using Pleaides satellite imagery at 2.5m spatial resolution while the ambient air quality were measured in-situ across 22 and 26 sampled points respectively in the LGAs. The results show preponderance of residential, transportation, commercial and institutional landuses in the two LGAs over industrial, forested wetlands and water bodies. Temperature, noise, CO and CO2 are higher generally around transportation and commercial landuses but lowest around residential areas. Sampled sites in Somolu have higher CO and noise quality indexes than site in Surulere but Somolu has more of CO2; given all the parameters found within acceptable limits. The study justifies the need for monitoring gaseous pollutants in the LGAs more so when it discovers that the landuses which are important determinants of the ambient values are changing rapidly.

This study presents a sequence stratigraphic interpretation utilizing data set from well logs to deepen the knowledge of the subsurface geology of the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Integrated interpretation of ditch cuttings from Malu-26 well within the western offshore Niger Delta was carried out for the sequence stratigraphic analysis of sediments. The ditch cutting samples were subjected to sedimentological study using Olympus stereoscopic binocular microscope for observation. All the 137 samples were further composited to 52 for micropalaeontogical analysis. Three and a half percent (3.5 %) sodium hypochlorite solution was then added and washing through 63μm sieves until each was free of mud. Clean residues and counted foraminifera recovered for the study were obtained. This enabled the subdivision of the stratigraphic column within the well into depositional sequences and systems tracts. One depositional sequence and two incomplete depositional sequences were recognized. Two maximum flooding surfaces and two sequence boundaries were also recognized. The depositional environment of the study is inferred to be of deltaic shelf-transitional type. These depositional sequences have potential to serve as excellent source rock and seals indicators. The ages of the sediments penetrated in the well were inferred to range from Middle Miocene- Late Miocene.

The Bonga offshore Field encompassed many Oil and Gas blocks which were modelled in such a way that their safety system coherently working in order to enhance Safety, Health and Environmental (HSE) performance using Fire systemic Safety Management system (FSSMS). The operational units (Well heads, Gas compressor, Electrical Panel and Separators) and Oil Blocks of Bonga Offshore field have been used to illustrate some of the characteristic of the Fire systemic safety management model (i.e. recursive structure and organizational structure), the system were linked based on their relationship strength or weakness in order to maintain effective communication so as to retain the risk level within the acceptable limit. It is hoped that the approach will lead not only to more effective management of safety in the oil and gas industry, but also to more effective management of safety for any organization

Effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum on serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices were assessed in 32 apparently healthy male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly grouped which were grouped and administered with different doses (mg/kg) .as follows: Group A (normal diet without cholesterol-rich diet and extract), Group B (cholesterolrich diet), Group C (cholesterol-rich diet and 100 mg/kg of aqueous extract of S. aromaticum (AESA); Group D (cholesterol-rich diet and 200 mg/kg of AESA). Group E (cholesterol-rich diet and 400 mg/kg of AESA), Group F (normal diet and 100 mg/kg of AESA), Group G (normal diet and 200 mg/kg of AESA), Group H (normal diet and 400 mg/kg of AESA) for a period of four weeks. Animals that were fed with normal diet with the extract constituted the negative control group, and animal fed with cholesterol rich diet with the extract constituted the positive control group. At the end of the four weeks, the animals were sacrificed, serum lipid profile and Artherogenic indices were determined. Data was subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 10.0) software. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to establish significant differences (p˂0.05). Results revealed that mean serum LDL-cholesterol, Total-cholesterol and Triglycerides were lower in animals fed normal diet and 400mg/kg of aqueous extract of S. aromaticum compared to animals fed with normal diet and 100 mg/kg. Thus, it could be inferred that “aqueous extract of S. aromaticum” especially at 400 mg/kg may lower some cardio risk factors due to its antihyperlipidemic effect. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Mean serum LDL, T. Chol and TRIG levels were lower in animals fed normal diet and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of S. aromaticum compared to animals fed with normal diet and 100 mg/kg. Thus, it could be suggested that “aqueous extract of S. aromaticum” especially at 400 mg/kg could reduce some of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals pollution in soils around the vicinity of asbestos factory in Bauchi Industrial layout, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Soils samples were collected from the soil at the depths of 0 – 15cm and 15 – 30cm representing top and sub- soils respectively and also from control site 100m away from the point of impact. Soil samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb and Mn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) technique. The heavy metal levels had the mean values of (mgkg-1) 1.49 mg/kg for Cd, 2.453 for Pb, 1.890 for Mn and 0.108 for Cr. The result of single pollution index indicated that soil in the vicinity of asbestos factory was practically un polluted with Mn, Cr but slightly polluted with cadmium. Pearson’s correlation showed positive and significant associations between Cd and Mn (r = 0.87, p<0.05), Pb and Mn (r = 0.490, p<0.05) while negative and significant association existed between Pb and Cr (r = -0.689*, p<0.05). The result indicates that heavy metals such as Pb, Mn and Cr were in the class of unpolluted while Cd at asbestos factory was found at level of heavy polluted grading classification.

The interaction effects of two cover crops, Ipomoea asarifolia L. (Ders.) Roem & Schult and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. on soil properties was investigated. Soil samples (0-20 cm depth) taken before and after cover cropping were analyzed using appropriate methods. In the results, silt proportion shows marked improvement under cover cropping (8.37 to 20.52%) than in the control (7.90 to 9.25%). Increase in clay (2.15 to 2.50%) and decrease in sand (88.86 to 87.85%) were observed in soils under the cover cropping. The clay content under I. asarifolia (2.67 to 2.83%) did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) whereas that under C. dactylon (1.72 to 3.08%) had significant variation (P > 0.05). Bulk density (1.82 to 1.95g/cm3 and 1.69 to 1.85g/cm3 and moisture (1.25 to 1.33% and 1.83 to 2.25%) under I. asarifolia and C. dactylon respectively were lower than particle density (1.89 to 2.24 and 2.22 to 2.25 g/cm3 under I. asarifolia and C. dactylon respectively. Soil pH value ranges from moderately acidic (5.90) under C. dactylon to slightly acidic (6.47) under I. asarifolia. Organic carbon (0.24 to 0.29%) and organic matter (0.47 to 0.55%) were higher under C. dactylon. Nitrogen was higher (0.05 gkg-1) under I. asarifolia and lower (0.03 to 0.04 gkg-1) under C. dactylon. Available P was higher (0.88 to 0.93 gkg-1) under dense cover and lower (0.56 to 0.76 mg/kg) under sparse cover of the two species. Exchangeable bases were generally higher under cover cropping than in the control: Ca2+ (0.35 to 0.62 cmolkg1), Mg2+ (0.27 to 0.71 cmolkg-1) and K+ (0.90 to 1.09 cmolkg-1) were higher under I. asarifolia whereas Na+ (0.82 to 0.85 cmolkg1) was higher under C. dactylon. The mixed cover cropping of the two species, having higher CEC values of 3.45 and 3.55 cmolkg-1, is critical to sustenance of soil fertility against weather adversities and human activities. Cover cropping is best between farming seasons to avoid competition with cultivated crops.